Act+Utilitarianism+and+Rule+Utilitarianism

Act Utilitarianism is a theory which states, according to Rachels and Rachels, that the consequences of actions are what matters, and the only consequence that matters is happiness or unhappiness. The theory also states that "each person's happiness counts the same" (emp 109). In the case of Tom, act utilitarianism will say that it is morally right for Tom to peep because it brings him the greatest amount of happiness or pleasure and very little unhappiness. **Misleadingly phrased** . Although each person's happiness is equal, the Tom is the only one aware of what is happening so his utility is the only one that is measured.**Better.**

Rule Utilitarianism is still a theory that measures morality by consequences, and it still states that the greatest good is what maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain. However, unlike Act utilitarianism, Rule utilitarianism judges rules, or guidelines, not acts, to see what will bring happiness to the greatest number of people in most cases. Rachels and Rachels state, "In shifting emphasis from the justification of acts to the justification of rules, utilitarianism has been brought into line with our intuitive judgments" (119). In the case of Tom, rule utilitarianism will consider the negative consequences that would come about if everyone was like Tom and peeped when they could get away with it. **Bingo.** One would consider what rule in this situation would maximize utility. That rule would be to respect the privacy of others. This rule can be universally applied and would also maximize utility in almost all cases.**Why? Be specific.**  **9/10. Well done!**